G.C.E. O/L Physics · Grade 10
Current Electricityஓட்ட மின்னியல்ධාරා විද්යුතය
ஓட்ட மின்னியல்ධාරා විද්යුතය
Electric potential, Ohm's law (V = IR), series and parallel circuits, and resistor combinations. This page is a free preview of the STEM Cloud lesson for Grade 10 G.C.E. Ordinary Level Physics in Sri Lanka: the key points, the formulas, a worked example and a short quiz, taken from the lesson itself.
What you will learn
- Static electricity and current electricityநிலைமின்னியலும் ஓட்ட மின்னியலும்ස්ථිති විද්යුතය සහ ධාරා විද්යුතය
- Electricity flowing through conductorsகடத்திகள் வழியா மின்னோட்டம்සන්නායක තුළින් විදුලිය ගැලීම
- Potential difference and electromotive forceஅழுத்த வித்தியாசமும் மின்னியக்க விசையும்විභව අන්තරය සහ විද්යුත්ගාමක බලය
- Ohm's lawஓமின் விதிඕම් නියමය
- What changes the resistance of a conductor?கடத்தியோட தடைய மாத்தறது எது?සන්නායකයක ප්රතිරෝධය වෙනස් කරන දේ මොනවාද?
- Resistorsதடையிகள்ප්රතිරෝධක
- Combining resistors: series and parallelதடையிகள இணைக்கறது: தொடர், சமாந்தரம்ප්රතිරෝධක සම්බන්ධ කිරීම: ශ්රේණිගත සහ සමාන්තරගත
- Extra: electric shock and safetyகூடுதலாக: மின்னதிர்ச்சியும் பாதுகாப்பும்අමතර: විද්යුත් කම්පනය සහ ආරක්ෂාව
Key points to remember
- By rubbing certain materials on one another, electrons are exchanged between them.சில பொருட்கள ஒண்ணோட ஒண்ணு தேய்க்கறப்ப அவற்றுக்கு இடையில இலத்திரன்கள் பரிமாறப்படுது.ද්රව්ය කිහිපයක් එකිනෙක ඝර්ෂණය කළ විට, ඒවා අතර ඉලෙක්ට්රෝන හුවමාරු වේ.
- An electric current is a flow of electric charges.மின்னோட்டம் என்பது மின்னேற்றங்களோட ஓட்டம்.විද්යුත් ධාරාවක් යනු විද්යුත් ආරෝපණවල ගැලීමකි.
- The direction of the conventional current is from the positive terminal to the negative terminal.வழக்கமான மின்னோட்டத்தோட திசை நேர் முனையில இருந்து மறை முனைக்கு.සම්මත ධාරාවේ දිශාව ධන අග්රයේ සිට ඍණ අග්රයට ය.
- The potential difference between the terminals of a cell when no current passes through it is the electromotive force of the cell.மின்னோட்டம் ஓடாதப்ப மின்கலத்தோட முனைகளுக்கு இடையில இருக்கற அழுத்த வித்தியாசம் அதோட மின்னியக்க விசை.කෝෂයක් තුළින් ධාරාවක් නොගලන විට එහි අග්ර අතර විභව අන්තරය කෝෂයේ විද්යුත්ගාමක බලයයි.
- Ohm's law: at constant temperature the current through a conductor is proportional to the potential difference across it (V = I R).ஓமின் விதி: மாறாத வெப்பநிலைல கடத்தி வழியா மின்னோட்டம் அதுக்கு குறுக்கா அழுத்த வித்தியாசத்துக்கு விகிதசமன் (V = I R).ඕම් නියමය: නියත උෂ්ණත්වයේදී සන්නායකයක් හරහා ගලන ධාරාව එය හරහා විභව අන්තරයට සමානුපාතික වේ (V = I R).
- The property that obstructs the current is the electrical resistance. It depends on the cross-sectional area, the length and the material.மின்னோட்டத்த தடுக்கற இயல்பு மின் தடை. அது குறுக்குவெட்டுப் பரப்பு, நீளம், பொருள இவற்றைப் பொறுத்தது.ධාරාවට බාධා කරන ගුණය විද්යුත් ප්රතිරෝධයයි. එය රඳා පවතින්නේ හරස්කඩ වර්ගඵලය, දිග සහ ද්රව්යය මතය.
- Resistors are joined in two main ways: series and parallel.தடையிகள் ரெண்டு முக்கிய வழிகள்ல இணைக்கப்படுது: தொடர், சமாந்தரம்.ප්රතිරෝධක ප්රධාන ආකාර දෙකකට සම්බන්ධ කෙරේ: ශ්රේණිගත සහ සමාන්තරගත.
- Series: R = R₁ + R₂ + R₃. Parallel: 1/R = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/R₃.தொடர்: R = R₁ + R₂ + R₃. சமாந்தரம்: 1/R = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/R₃.ශ්රේණිගත: R = R₁ + R₂ + R₃. සමාන්තරගත: 1/R = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/R₃.
- A single resistance equal to the total resistance of a group of resistors is the equivalent resistance.ஒரு தடையித் தொகுதியோட மொத்தத் தடைக்கு சமமான ஒற்றைத் தடை சமவலுத் தடை.ප්රතිරෝධක කණ්ඩායමක මුළු ප්රතිරෝධයට සමාන තනි ප්රතිරෝධයක් සමක ප්රතිරෝධය වේ.
Key formulas
Ohm's lawஓமின் விதிඕම් නියමය
ஓமின் விதிඕම් නියමය
V = I R
- V = potential differenceஅழுத்த வித்தியாசம்විභව අන්තරය (V)
- I = electric currentமின்னோட்டம்විද්යුත් ධාරාව (A)
- R = resistanceதடைප්රතිරෝධය (Ω)
1.5 A through a 6 Ω bulb: V = 1.5 × 6 = 9 V6 Ω குமிழ் வழியே 1.5 A: V = 1.5 × 6 = 9 V6 Ω බල්බයක් හරහා 1.5 A: V = 1.5 × 6 = 9 V
Resistors in seriesதொடராக இணைத்த தடையிகள்ශ්රේණිගත ප්රතිරෝධක
தொடராக இணைத்த தடையிகள்ශ්රේණිගත ප්රතිරෝධක
R = R₁ + R₂ + R₃
- R = equivalent resistanceசமவலுத் தடைසමක ප්රතිරෝධය (Ω)
2 Ω, 3 Ω and 5 Ω in series: R = 2 + 3 + 5 = 10 Ωதொடராக 2 Ω, 3 Ω, 5 Ω: R = 2 + 3 + 5 = 10 Ωශ්රේණිගතව 2 Ω, 3 Ω, 5 Ω: R = 2 + 3 + 5 = 10 Ω
Resistors in parallelசமாந்தரமாக இணைத்த தடையிகள்සමාන්තරගත ප්රතිරෝධක
சமாந்தரமாக இணைத்த தடையிகள்සමාන්තරගත ප්රතිරෝධක
1/R = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂
- R = equivalent resistanceசமவலுத் தடைසමක ප්රතිරෝධය (Ω)
6 Ω and 3 Ω in parallel: 1/R = 1/6 + 1/3 = 1/2, so R = 2 Ωசமாந்தரமாக 6 Ω, 3 Ω: 1/R = 1/6 + 1/3 = 1/2, ஆகவே R = 2 Ωසමාන්තරගතව 6 Ω, 3 Ω: 1/R = 1/6 + 1/3 = 1/2, එබැවින් R = 2 Ω
A worked example
Textbook example · Ch.19, p.152பாடப்புத்தக உதாரணம் · பாடம் 19, ப.152පෙළපොත් නිදසුන · 19 පරි., පි.152
Use Ohm's law, V = I R.
V = 1.5 × 6.
ஓமின் விதி V = I R பயன்படுத்து.
V = 1.5 × 6.
ඕම් නියමය, V = I R භාවිතා කරන්න.
V = 1.5 × 6.
Try 5 quiz questions
When a surface loses electrons during rubbing, it becomes…தேய்க்கறப்ப மேற்பரப்பு இலத்திரன்கள இழந்தா அது…
- A positively chargedநேர் மின்னேற்றம் பெறும்ධන ආරෝපිත
- B negatively chargedமறை மின்னேற்றம் பெறும்ඍණ ආරෝපිත
- C neutralநடுநிலை ஆகும்උදාසීන
- D a conductorகடத்தி ஆகும்සන්නායකයක්
Show the answer
Answer: A. positively chargedநேர் மின்னேற்றம் பெறும்ධන ආරෝපිත
Removing negative electrons leaves the surface positive.மறை இலத்திரன்கள அகற்றினா மேற்பரப்பு நேராகும்.ඍණ ඉලෙක්ට්රෝන ඉවත් කළ විට පෘෂ්ඨය ධන වේ.
Which way does the conventional electric current flow outside the cell?கலத்துக்கு வெளிய வழக்கமான மின்னோட்டம் எந்தத் திசைல ஓடும்?
- A From the negative to the positive terminalமறை முனையில இருந்து நேர் முனைக்குඍණ අග්රයේ සිට ධන අග්රයට
- B From the positive to the negative terminalநேர் முனையில இருந்து மறை முனைக்குධන අග්රයේ සිට ඍණ අග්රයට
- C It does not have a directionதிசையே இல்லඑයට දිශාවක් නැත
- D Both ways at onceரெண்டு பக்கமும் ஒரே நேரம்එකවර දෙපැත්තට ම
Show the answer
Answer: B. From the positive to the negative terminalநேர் முனையில இருந்து மறை முனைக்குධන අග්රයේ සිට ඍණ අග්රයට
By convention the current is from + to −, opposite to the electron flow.வழக்கப்படி மின்னோட்டம் + இல் இருந்து −க்கு, இலத்திரன் ஓட்டத்துக்கு எதிரா.සම්මුතියට අනුව ධාරාව + සිට − දක්වා වේ, ඉලෙක්ට්රෝන ගමනට ප්රතිවිරුද්ධව.
How is an ammeter connected?அம்பியர்மானி எப்படி இணைக்கப்படும்?
- A In series, so all the current passes through itதொடரா, முழு மின்னோட்டமும் அது வழியா போகශ්රේණිගතව, එබැවින් සම්පූර්ණ ධාරාව ම එය හරහා ගමන් කරයි
- B In parallel across the bulbகுமிழுக்கு குறுக்கா சமாந்தரமாබල්බය හරහා සමාන්තරගතව
- C Across the cell onlyகலத்துக்கு குறுக்கா மட்டும்කෝෂය හරහා පමණක්
- D Anywhere, it does not matterஎங்கயும், பரவாயில்லඕනෑම තැනක, කමක් නැත
Show the answer
Answer: A. In series, so all the current passes through itதொடரா, முழு மின்னோட்டமும் அது வழியா போகශ්රේණිගතව, එබැවින් සම්පූර්ණ ධාරාව ම එය හරහා ගමන් කරයි
The ammeter measures the current that passes through it.அம்பியர்மானி அது வழியா போற மின்னோட்டத்த அளக்கும்.ඇමීටරය මනින්නේ එය හරහා ගමන් කරන ධාරාවයි.
A bulb of resistance 6 Ω carries 1.5 A. What is the potential difference across it?6 Ω தடை உள்ள குமிழ் 1.5 A கொண்டு போகுது. அதுக்கு குறுக்கா அழுத்த வித்தியாசம்?
- A 4 V4 V
- B 7.5 V7.5 V
- C 9 V9 V
- D 0.25 V0.25 V
Show the answer
Answer: C. 9 V9 V
V = I R = 1.5 × 6 = 9 V.V = I R = 1.5 × 6 = 9 V.
A resistor has bands orange, orange, yellow, gold. What is its value?ஒரு தடையியோட பட்டைகள் செம்மஞ்சள், செம்மஞ்சள், மஞ்சள், தங்கம். பெறுமானம்?
- A 33 Ω33 Ω
- B 330 Ω330 Ω
- C 3300 Ω3300 Ω
- D 330 000 Ω330 000 Ω
Show the answer
Answer: D. 330 000 Ω330 000 Ω
33 × 10⁴ = 330 000 Ω (330 kΩ), tolerance ± 5 %.33 × 10⁴ = 330 000 Ω (330 kΩ), சகிப்பளவு ± 5 %.33 × 10⁴ = 330 000 Ω (330 kΩ), සහන අගය ± 5 %.
In Tamil and Sinhala · தமிழில் · සිංහලෙන්
Every STEM Cloud lesson is in Tamil, English and Sinhala. The chapter's words, as the lesson uses them:
சில பொருட்கள ஒண்ணோட ஒண்ணு தேய்க்கறப்ப அவற்றுக்கு இடையில இலத்திரன்கள் பரிமாறப்படுது.
ද්රව්ය කිහිපයක් එකිනෙක ඝර්ෂණය කළ විට, ඒවා අතර ඉලෙක්ට්රෝන හුවමාරු වේ.
- Static electricity · நிலைமின்னியல் · ස්ථිති විද්යුතය
- Current electricity · ஓட்ட மின்னியல் · ධාරා විද්යුතය
- Electric current · மின்னோட்டம் · විද්යුත් ධාරාව
- Resistance · தடை · ප්රතිරෝධය
- Voltmeter · வோல்ற்றுமானி · වෝල්ට්මීටරය
- Ammeter · அம்பியர்மானி · ඇමීටරය
- Potential difference · அழுத்த வித்தியாசம் · විභව අන්තරය
- Electromotive force · மின்னியக்க விசை · විද්යුත්ගාමක බලය
- Equivalent resistance · சமவலுத் தடை · සමක ප්රතිරෝධය
In the full lesson
The full Current Electricity lesson walks through every step: the cartoon animation, the notes, all 4 worked examples, the virtual lab, the games and all 8 quiz questions. It opens with an account.
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Questions about Current Electricity
Is Current Electricity in the G.C.E. O/L Physics syllabus?
Yes. Current Electricity is a Grade 10 unit of G.C.E. Ordinary Level Physics in Sri Lanka, and STEM Cloud teaches it in the same order as the course map.
What are the key points of Current Electricity?
By rubbing certain materials on one another, electrons are exchanged between them. An electric current is a flow of electric charges. The direction of the conventional current is from the positive terminal to the negative terminal.
Can I study Current Electricity in Tamil or Sinhala?
Yes. Every STEM Cloud lesson is in Tamil, English and Sinhala, and you can switch the language at any time from the lesson header.
How do I get the full Current Electricity lesson?
Sign up on the sign-up page, or message the admin on WhatsApp at 077 676 8865. You can try a free lesson first: Motion in a Straight Line.