G.C.E. O/L Physics · Grade 10
Work, Energy and Powerவேலை, சக்தி, வலுකාර්යය, ශක්තිය හා ජවය
வேலை, சக்தி, வலுකාර්යය, ශක්තිය හා ජවය
Kinetic & potential energy, conservation of energy, work done calculations, and power ratings. This page is a free preview of the STEM Cloud lesson for Grade 10 G.C.E. Ordinary Level Physics in Sri Lanka: the key points, the formulas, a worked example and a short quiz, taken from the lesson itself.
What you will learn
- Work: force that moves somethingவேலை: ஒரு பொருளை நகர்த்தும் விசைකාර්යය: යමක් චලනය කරන බලය
- Energy: the ability to do workசக்தி: வேலை செய்யும் ஆற்றல்ශක්තිය: කාර්යය කිරීමේ හැකියාව
- Kinetic energy: energy of motionஇயக்கச் சக்தி: இயக்கத்தால வரும் சக்திචාලක ශක්තිය: චලිතයේ ශක්තිය
- Potential energy: stored energyஅழுத்த சக்தி: சேமிக்கப்பட்ட சக்திවිභව ශක්තිය: ගබඩා වූ ශක්තිය
- Energy changes formசக்தி வடிவம் மாறுதுශක්තිය ආකාරය වෙනස් කරයි
- Power: how fast work is doneவலு: வேலை எவ்வளவு வேகமா நடக்குதுජවය: කාර්යය කරන වේගය
Key points to remember
- The work done by a force is the force multiplied by the distance moved in the direction of the force: work = F × d.ஒரு விசை செய்த வேலை = விசை × விசையோட திசைல நகர்ந்த தூரம்: வேலை = F × d.බලයකින් කෙරෙන කාර්යය යනු බලය, බලයේ දිශාවට චලනය වූ දුරෙන් ගුණ කිරීමයි: කාර්යය = F × d.
- If there is no energy loss, the work done equals the energy used up.சக்தி இழப்பு இல்லன்னா செய்த வேலை செலவழிஞ்ச சக்திக்கு சமம்.ශක්ති හානියක් නැත්නම්, කළ කාර්යය වැය වූ ශක්තියට සමානයි.
- Work and energy are measured in joules (J).வேலை, சக்தி ரெண்டும் ஜூல்ல (J) அளக்கப்படுது.කාර්යය සහ ශක්තිය මනින්නේ ජූල් (J) වලිනි.
- The two forms of mechanical energy are potential energy and kinetic energy.பொறிமுறைச் சக்தியோட ரெண்டு வடிவங்கள் அழுத்த சக்தியும் இயக்கச் சக்தியும்.යාන්ත්‍රික ශක්තියේ ආකාර දෙක විභව ශක්තිය සහ චාලක ශක්තියයි.
- Kinetic energy depends on the mass and the velocity: Ek = ½ m v².இயக்கச் சக்தி திணிவு, வேகம் இவற்றைப் பொறுத்தது: Ek = ½ m v².චාලක ශක්තිය රඳා පවතින්නේ ස්කන්ධය සහ ප්‍රවේගය මතයි: Ek = ½ m v².
- Gravitational potential energy depends on mass, gravitational acceleration and height: Ep = m g h.ஈர்ப்பு அழுத்த சக்தி திணிவு, ஈர்ப்பு ஆர்முடுகல், உயரம் இவற்றைப் பொறுத்தது: Ep = m g h.ගුරුත්වාකර්ෂණ විභව ශක්තිය රඳා පවතින්නේ ස්කන්ධය, ගුරුත්වජ ත්වරණය සහ උස මතයි: Ep = m g h.
- The potential energy of an object also changes when its shape changes (elastic potential energy).பொருளோட வடிவம் மாறும்போதும் அழுத்த சக்தி மாறும் (மீள்தன்மை அழுத்த சக்தி).වස්තුවක හැඩය වෙනස් වන විටත් එහි විභව ශක්තිය වෙනස් වේ (ප්‍රත්‍යාස්ථ විභව ශක්තිය).
- When an object moves up, kinetic energy is lost and becomes potential energy; coming down, it changes back.பொருள் மேல போகும்போது இயக்கச் சக்தி குறைஞ்சு அழுத்த சக்தியா மாறுது; கீழ வரும்போது திரும்ப மாறுது.වස්තුවක් ඉහළ යන විට චාලක ශක්තිය අඩු වී විභව ශක්තිය බවට පත්වේ; පහළට එන විට නැවත එසේ වෙනස් වේ.
- Power is the rate of doing work: P = W ÷ t. Its unit is the watt (1 W = 1 J s⁻¹).வலு என்பது வேலை செய்யும் வீதம்: P = W ÷ t. அலகு வாட் (1 W = 1 J s⁻¹).ජවය යනු කාර්යය කිරීමේ ශීඝ්‍රතාවයි: P = W ÷ t. එහි ඒකකය වොට් (1 W = 1 J s⁻¹).
Key formulas
Workவேலைකාර්යය
வேலைකාර්යය
W = F × d
- W = work doneசெய்த வேலைකළ කාර්යය (J)
- F = forceவிசைබලය (N)
- d = distance moved in the direction of the forceவிசையின் திசையில் நகர்ந்த தூரம்බලයේ දිශාවට චලනය වූ දුර (m)
Pushing a box with 50 N for 4 m: W = 50 × 4 = 200 J50 N விசையால் பெட்டியை 4 m தள்ளுதல்: W = 50 × 4 = 200 J50 N බලයෙන් පෙට්ටියක් 4 m තල්ලු කිරීම: W = 50 × 4 = 200 J
Kinetic energyஇயக்கச் சக்திචාලක ශක්තිය
இயக்கச் சக்திචාලක ශක්තිය
Ek = ½ m v²
- Ek = kinetic energyஇயக்கச் சக்திචාලක ශක්තිය (J)
- m = massதிணிவுස්කන්ධය (kg)
- v = velocityவேகம்ප්‍රවේගය (m s⁻¹)
2 kg at 3 m s⁻¹: Ek = ½ × 2 × 3² = 9 J3 m s⁻¹ இல் 2 kg: Ek = ½ × 2 × 3² = 9 J3 m s⁻¹ න් 2 kg: Ek = ½ × 2 × 3² = 9 J
Gravitational potential energyஈர்ப்பு அழுத்த சக்திගුරුත්වාකර්ෂණ විභව ශක්තිය
ஈர்ப்பு அழுத்த சக்திගුරුත්වාකර්ෂණ විභව ශක්තිය
Ep = m g h
- Ep = potential energyஅழுத்த சக்திවිභව ශක්තිය (J)
- m = massதிணிவுස්කන්ධය (kg)
- g = acceleration due to gravityபுவியீர்ப்பினாலான ஆர்முடுகல்ගුරුත්වජ ත්වරණය (10 m s⁻²)
- h = vertical heightநிலைக்குத்து உயரம்සිරස් උස (m)
2 kg lifted 5 m: Ep = 2 × 10 × 5 = 100 J2 kg ஐ 5 m உயர்த்துதல்: Ep = 2 × 10 × 5 = 100 J2 kg ක් 5 m ඔසවයි: Ep = 2 × 10 × 5 = 100 J
Powerவலுජවය
வலுජවය
P = W ÷ t
- P = powerவலுජවය (W (J s⁻¹))
- W = work doneசெய்த வேலைකළ කාර්යය (J)
- t = time takenஎடுத்த நேரம்ගත වූ කාලය (s)
600 J of work in 30 s: P = 600 ÷ 30 = 20 W30 s இல் 600 J வேலை: P = 600 ÷ 30 = 20 W30 s තුළ 600 J කාර්යයක්: P = 600 ÷ 30 = 20 W
A worked example
Textbook example · Ch.18, p.126பாடப்புத்தக உதாரணம் · பாடம் 18, ப.126පෙළපොතේ නිදසුන · 18 පරිච්ඡේදය, 126 පිටුව
Work = force × distance moved in the direction of the force.
Work = 7.5 N × 8 m.
7.5 × 8 = 60.
வேலை = விசை × விசையோட திசைல நகர்ந்த தூரம்.
வேலை = 7.5 N × 8 m.
7.5 × 8 = 60.
කාර්යය = බලය × බලයේ දිශාවට චලනය වූ දුර.
කාර්යය = 7.5 N × 8 m.
7.5 × 8 = 60.
Try 5 quiz questions
A force of 7.5 N moves an object 8 m along its own direction. What is the work done?7.5 N விசை ஒரு பொருளை தன் திசைலயே 8 m நகர்த்துது. செய்த வேலை?
- A 15.5 J15.5 J
- B 60 J60 J
- C 0.94 J0.94 J
- D 600 J600 J
Show the answer
Answer: B. 60 J60 J
Work = F × d = 7.5 × 8 = 60 J.வேலை = F × d = 7.5 × 8 = 60 J.කාර්යය = F × d = 7.5 × 8 = 60 J.
What is the unit of work and energy?வேலை, சக்தி இவற்றோட அலகு?
- A Newtonநியூற்றன்නිව්ටන්
- B Jouleஜூல்ජූල්
- C Wattவாட்වොට්
- D Pascalபாஸ்கல்පැස්කල්
Show the answer
Answer: B. Jouleஜூல்ජූල්
Both are measured in joules (J). The watt is the unit of power.ரெண்டும் ஜூல்ல (J) அளக்கப்படுது. வாட் வலுவோட அலகு.දෙකම මනින්නේ ජූල් (J) වලිනි. ජවයේ ඒකකය වොට් එකයි.
Which two factors does kinetic energy depend on?இயக்கச் சக்தி எந்த ரெண்டு காரணிகள பொறுத்தது?
- A Mass and velocityதிணிவு, வேகம்ස්කන්ධය සහ ප්‍රවේගය
- B Mass and heightதிணிவு, உயரம்ස්කන්ධය සහ උස
- C Height and velocityஉயரம், வேகம்උස සහ ප්‍රවේගය
- D Force and timeவிசை, நேரம்බලය සහ කාලය
Show the answer
Answer: A. Mass and velocityதிணிவு, வேகம்ස්කන්ධය සහ ප්‍රවේගය
Ek = ½ m v² has the mass m and the velocity v.Ek = ½ m v²-ல திணிவு m, வேகம் v இருக்கு.Ek = ½ m v² හි ස්කන්ධය m සහ ප්‍රවේගය v ඇත.
A 6 kg object moves at 4 m s⁻¹. What is its kinetic energy?6 kg பொருள் 4 m s⁻¹-ல ஓடுது. இயக்கச் சக்தி?
- A 12 J12 J
- B 24 J24 J
- C 48 J48 J
- D 96 J96 J
Show the answer
Answer: C. 48 J48 J
Ek = ½ × 6 × 4² = ½ × 6 × 16 = 48 J.Ek = ½ × 6 × 4² = ½ × 6 × 16 = 48 J.
What is the potential energy of a 7.5 kg object at 4 m? (g = 10 m s⁻²)7.5 kg பொருள் 4 m உயரத்துல உள்ள அழுத்த சக்தி? (g = 10 m s⁻²)
- A 30 J30 J
- B 75 J75 J
- C 300 J300 J
- D 3000 J3000 J
Show the answer
Answer: C. 300 J300 J
Ep = m g h = 7.5 × 10 × 4 = 300 J.Ep = m g h = 7.5 × 10 × 4 = 300 J.
In Tamil and Sinhala · தமிழில் · සිංහලෙන්
Every STEM Cloud lesson is in Tamil, English and Sinhala. The chapter's words, as the lesson uses them:
ஒரு விசை செய்த வேலை = விசை × விசையோட திசைல நகர்ந்த தூரம்: வேலை = F × d.
බලයකින් කෙරෙන කාර්යය යනු බලය, බලයේ දිශාවට චලනය වූ දුරෙන් ගුණ කිරීමයි: කාර්යය = F × d.
- Work · வேலை · කාර්යය
- Energy · சக்தி · ශක්තිය
- Mechanical energy · பொறிமுறைச் சக்தி · යාන්ත්‍රික ශක්තිය
- Kinetic energy · இயக்கச் சக்தி · චාලක ශක්තිය
- Potential energy · அழுத்த சக்தி · විභව ශක්තිය
- Power · வலு · ජවය
- Joule · ஜூல் · ජූල්
- Watt · வாட் · වොට්
In the full lesson
The full Work, Energy and Power lesson walks through every step: the cartoon animation, the notes, all 9 worked examples, the virtual lab, the games and all 8 quiz questions. It opens with an account.
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Questions about Work, Energy and Power
Is Work, Energy and Power in the G.C.E. O/L Physics syllabus?
Yes. Work, Energy and Power is a Grade 10 unit of G.C.E. Ordinary Level Physics in Sri Lanka, and STEM Cloud teaches it in the same order as the course map.
What are the key points of Work, Energy and Power?
The work done by a force is the force multiplied by the distance moved in the direction of the force: work = F × d. If there is no energy loss, the work done equals the energy used up. Work and energy are measured in joules (J).
Can I study Work, Energy and Power in Tamil or Sinhala?
Yes. Every STEM Cloud lesson is in Tamil, English and Sinhala, and you can switch the language at any time from the lesson header.
How do I get the full Work, Energy and Power lesson?
Sign up on the sign-up page, or message the admin on WhatsApp at 077 676 8865. You can try a free lesson first: Motion in a Straight Line.